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Epistemic Justification, by Richard Swinburne
PDF Download Epistemic Justification, by Richard Swinburne
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Richard Swinburne offers an original treatment of a question at the heart of epistemology: what makes a belief rational, or justified in holding? He maps the rival accounts of philosophers on epistemic justification ("internalist" and "externalist"), arguing that they are really accounts of different concepts. He distinguishes between synchronic justification (justification at a time) and diachronic justification (synchronic justification resulting from adequate investigation)--both internalist and externalist. He also argues that most kinds of justification are worth having because they are indicative of truth; however, it is only justification of internalist kinds that can guide a believer's actions. Swinburne goes on to show the usefulness of the probability calculus in elucidating how empirical evidence makes beliefs probably true.
- Sales Rank: #1326191 in Books
- Published on: 2001-10-25
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 5.90" h x .60" w x 8.90" l, .86 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 272 pages
Review
Readers of Swinburne's rewarding book will get a glimpse from the inside of how a sophisticated doxastic foundationalist understands epistemic justification ... careful and meticulous exposition. The Philosophical Quarterly
About the Author
Richard Swinburne is Nolloth Professor of the Philosophy of the Christian Religion at Oriel College, Oxford
Most helpful customer reviews
15 of 15 people found the following review helpful.
Would make a superb textbook
By Maxwell Goss
In Epistemic Justification, Richard Swinburne defends his version of epistemic internalism while also trying to account for the intuitions motivating externalist theories. This approach allows him to be at once original and irenic. He notes at the outset that our concepts of knowledge and justification are ambiguous: a belief may count as "justified" in one sense but not in another. Consequently, he argues, competing theories of knowledge should not be viewed as mutually exclusive, but as compatible accounts of "different kinds of justification." Nevertheless, while a variety of theories capture some sense in which a belief may be justified, only his version of doxastic foundationalism expresses the most important sort of justification, namely, justification in terms of what Swinburne calls "rightly basic" beliefs.
One of the strengths of the book is its breadth. Chapter 2 investigates the important but seldom-discussed link between epistemology and philosophy of mind. Chapters 3 and 4 discuss the foundations and applications of probability theory. The book's appendix discusses the problem of old evidence, and several endnotes treat issues such as the generality objection to reliabilism, subjective and objective Bayesianism, and naturalized epistemology. Swinburne does an admirable job of situating his theory within the larger epistemological picture, and indeed within the larger philosophical picture. Another strength of the book is its thoroughness and meticulous attention to detail. The whole book displays Swinburne's penchant for making distinctions, for instance, in the first chapter's taxonomy of the varieties of internalism and externalism. He exploits these distinctions to great effect, especially in chapters 6, 7, and 8, where he argues for his theory.
One weakness of the book is its uncritical reliance on ordinary language and on various "principles of rationality." Swinburne says little in defense of these, and consequently will convince few readers who do not share his intuitions. Also, I wish that Swinburne had discussed Alvin Plantinga's views at greater length. After all, Swinburne and Plantinga are the towering figures of analytic philosophy of religion, representing drastically different approaches to belief in God. Though Swinburne does discuss some of Plantinga's views here (chapter 5) and elsewhere (cf. Religious Studies 37), this book seems incomplete without a sustained treatment of reformed epistemology. In fact, it is disappointing that the book does not say more about the epistemology of religion in general, since this area of expertise sets Swinburne apart from many others writing on epistemology today (particularly internalists).
This book surveys contemporary epistemology, presents a clear, thorough account of justification, and serves as a useful guide to the epistemological views of Britain's leading natural theologian. Because of its thoroughness, depth, and originality, it would serve as an excellent textbook or as an introduction to epistemology for the educated general reader.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Probability
By Discerning Reader
Richard Swinburne tries to offer a theory of justification that ties together all views on justification (internal and external). In the end, his argument hinges on probability.
This book is aimed at the layman, but proves to be a heavy read. Nevertheless, it is well worth the read. Swinburne shows there are common elements in all theories of justification thus legitimizing all of them to varying extents.
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